Explore Our HDR Solutions

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What is HDR?

The pursuit of High Dynamic Range (HDR) is the dream of getting closer to the Human Visual System (HVS) in all that we experience as viewers.

  • HDR is a new display system that is designed to better represent what the human vision system (HVS) can see.
  • Human vision sees the world with lots of dynamic range and a wide range of colors.
  • Modern cameras have up to 14 stops of dynamic range.
  • BT.709 Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) systems can show only up to the equivalent of about 6 stops.
  • HDR attempts to show much more of the world we see, starting with the larger camera dynamic range available today at source and through the production chain and ultimately for presentation on affordable displays optimized for HDR.

HDR and Its Impact on Workflow

To learn more about the benefits of a better pixel with HDR, download the informative PDF below.

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HDR Benefits Video

Watch AJA Product Manager Bob Hudelson explain the benefits of HDR for real-time production and the retention of artistic intent that HDR helps preserve.

HDR Approaches and Color Space

  • HDR involves the need to take disparate color spaces and logarithmic representations from various camera manufacturers and move it through the process to final delivery for emerging HDR approaches for display and delivery today.
  • Broadcasters and producers want to take the wide dynamic range available from cameras and preserve as much of it as possible, to offer end viewers increased contrast and luminance ranges, a broader and richer color palette and an immersive viewing experience.
  • HDR approaches avoid confusion by helping manage the color space properly, making sure applications look correct and take optimal advantage of improved display capabilities.
  • One challenge is to convert from Camera formats, such as RAW and Log, to one of the emerging HDR approaches. Additionally, be able to apply and/or convert the HDR approach of choice through the editing, color correction and/or monitoring process.
  • Many UltraHD displays now include HDR functionality, which provides a more realistic and immersive viewing experience. This is achieved by increasing the color space representation with Wide Color Gamut (WCG) and luminosity by using higher dynamic range (HDR).

PQ (Perceptual Quantizer) or Finding a Better Curve

To achieve a balance of getting closer to human perception within the bandwidth limitations of existing infrastructure and technologies, including chroma and luminance sampling, bit depth, and the strengths and weaknesses of Gamma vs Logarithmic curves, a better curve was needed.

Why was a better curve needed and what is the advantage of PQ*?

  • Power functions waste bits at the high end of the luminance range
  • Log functions waste bits at the low end of the luminance range
  • Gamma fails at low luminance levels, even at higher bit depths
  • Greatest efficiency would be to follow human perception
  • PQ Shows balanced performance across the entire luminance range

* PQ is represented in practice by two approaches, HDR10 an open approach and Dolby® Vision, a proprietary system owned by Dolby Laboratories. Both are designed to make the most efficient use of bits throughout the range of luminance and contrast steps possible.

PQ is standardized in SMPTE ST 2084 and BT.2100 and PQ defines a curve that ensures banding is below the Just Noticeable Difference (JND). The PQ curve ensures the most efficient use of code words which minimizes the bit depth required.

HDR Approaches

There are several systems that
have emerged to address the needs of HDR.

For a vivid image, which HDR promises upon delivery to the display, the challenge has been to provide enough useful steps within the color and luminance range to provide smooth gradations and satisfy the viewer. Dolby Vision is a new way of defining how a picture looks on a TV. It is a "display referred" system where each code value defines a specific brightness (i.e. there is no user brightness control). Dolby Vision has a method to send 12-bit data down a HDMI cable utilizing 4096 shades for smooth gradations. For contemporary production pipelines, the challenge is that most pipelines are 10-bit with 1024 shades or steps available. HDR 10, Dolby Vision and HLG have been designed to solve this dilemma by efficiently choosing to utilize curves across the luminance and color ranges that minimize perceptual banding and achieve results that are closer to the human vision system, enabling incredible results.

  • Proprietary format
  • SMPTE ST-2084 Perceptual Quantizer (PQ)
  • Metadata: Dynamic per ST 2094*
  • Electro-optical transfer function, up to 4K resolution
  • Playback bit depth: 12-bit
  • Up to 10,000-nit maximum brightness (mastered to 4,000-nit in practice)
  • Wide Color Gamut (WCG) color space (ITU-R Rec. 2020)

HDR10 is a Media Profile defined by the Consumer Technologies Association (CTA).

HDR10 uses SMPTE ST-2086 "Mastering Display Color Volume" static metadata to send color calibration data of the mastering display, as well as MaxFALL (Maximum Frame Average Light Level) and MaxCLL (Maximum Content Light Level) static values. HDR10 is an open standard supported by a wide variety of companies.

  • Open format
  • SMPTE ST-2084 Perceptual Quantizer (PQ)
  • Minimum Signal Interface: HDMI 2.0a
  • Playback color representation BT.2020 (same as Dolby Vision)
  • Playback transfer function: ST 2084 (same as Dolby Vision)
  • Metadata: Static per ST 2086
  • Playback bit depth: 10-bit

HDR10+ builds from HDR10*, adding dynamic metadata and more, allowing for scene by scene or even shot by shot variation. The standard allows for recognizing a display's color space and more. Samsung is the primary driver for this evolution of the original standard.

HDR10+ has recently been adopted by a range of companies and resulted in the creation of the HDR10+ Alliance with members comprising Amazon, Samsung, Panasonic, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Bros and more.

  • SMPTE 2094-40 Dynamic Metadata for Color Volume Transforms (DMCVT)
  • Color transforms optimized for each scene, and each display
  • Metadata: Dynamic per ST 2094
  • Metadata tracks carry supplementary color grading information
  • Minimum Signal Interface: HDMI 2.0a
  • Playback color representation BT.2020 or BT.709 dependent on display
  • Playback transfer function: ST 2084
  • Playback bit depth: 10-bit

HLG (Hybrid Log Gamma) is an HDR approach that was jointly developed by the BBC and NHK. HLG uses relative luminance values and builds on the BT.2020 standard for a wider color gamut and adds PQ and HLG dynamic range for a standard known as BT.2100. The HLG standard is royalty free and is compatible with SDR displays as well as HDR displays. HLG is supported by HDMI 2.0b*, HEVC, and VP9. The key appeal of HLG is that HDR content can be reasonably viewed on SDR displays.

  • Hybrid between Gamma and Log
  • Metadata: None
  • Relative Luminance
  • Very similar to SDR curve
  • Playback bit depth: 10-bit
  • Linear light image data from a camera is mapped to the HLG OETF Curve and to the WCG color space BT.2020

*Since HLG has no metadata, HLG works with any HDMI spec and HDMI 2.0b is a clarification of HDMI 2.0a

Conversions: FS-HDR

FS-HDR with Colorfront Engine™ Technology

  • FS-HDR is designed to bridge the conversions needed from wide camera color spaces and luminance ranges to HDR approaches, and from SDR to HDR to integrate non HDR materials into HDR programming, all in realtime.
  • Inside FS-HDR is the Colorfront Engine™, designed by Colorfront's Academy Award winning CTO Bill Feightner and Academy Award winning lead engineer Tamas Perlaki, that provides realtime wide color gamut, high dynamic range, high frame rate up to 60p, and high resolution processing.
HDR Conversions:
  • HDR to HDR
  • HDR to SDR
  • SDR to HDR
Supported formats:
  • 4K/UltraHD YCbCr 4:2:2 10 bit
  • 2K/HD YCbCr 4:2:2 10 bit
Input: Dynamic Range/Color Gamut
  • SDR BT.709 100 Nits
  • PQ BT.2020 1000 Nits
  • PQ P3D65 1000 Nits
  • Hybrid Log Gamma BT.2100
  • Sony S-Log3 S-Gamut3
  • Sony S-Log3 S-Gamut3 Cine
  • Sony S-Log3 BT.2020
  • ARRI Log C Wide Gamut
  • Panasonic V-log
  • RED Log3G10 Wide Gamut
  • Canon Log 2
  • Canon Log 3
Output: Dynamic Range/Color Gamut
  • SDR BT.709 100 Nits
  • PQ BT.2020 1000 Nits
  • Hybrid Log Gamma BT.2100
  • Sony S-Log3 S-Gamut3
  • Sony S-Log3 BT.2020
  • ARRI Log C Wide Gamut
BBC HLG LUTs Mode
BBC HLG LUTs Mode offers additional functionality that adds HDR conversion options, particularly for television broadcasters who are looking for specific conversion criteria.
  • Supports mathematical HLG HDR dynamic range mapping per ITU BT.2408-0
  • SDR, PQ and S-Log3 to HLG
  • HLG to SDR and PQ
BBC HLG LUT Conversions
  • SDR Scene Referred (SR) to HLG
  • SDR (SR) Upconversion to HLG
  • SDR Display Referred (DR) to HLG
  • SDR (DR) Upconversion to HLG
  • PQ 1000 nit to HLG
  • PQ 4000 nit to HLG
  • S-Log3 100% to HLG
  • S-Log3 200% (SR Live) to HLG
  • HLG to SDR Scene Referred (SR)
  • HLG to SDR Display Referred (DR)
  • HLG to PQ 1000 Nits
Up, Down-Conversions for HDR:
  • 2K/HD Up-conversion to 4K/UltraHD
  • 4K/UltraHD Down-conversion to 2K/HD
WCG = Wide Color Gamut:
  • BT.2020 to BT.709
  • BT.709 to BT.2020
  • RGB Color Corrector controls

HDR Workflows for UltraHD/HD with FS-HDR

  • Converting from a house HDR standard to a delivery HDR standard
  • Converting from a camera OETF to a house HDR standard
  • Converting from a house HDR standard to SDR for delivery or monitoring
  • Converting SDR camera output to a house HDR standard
  • Converting SDR sources to HDR for integrating into an HDR program
  • Converting HD SDR BT.709 sources to UltraHD HDR BT.2020
  • Converting UltraHD HDR BT.2020 sources to HD SDR BT.709
Workflow Learn More View Video

AJA HDR Solutions for Editing and Color Correction

You need to be able to view and display your HDR materials to compatible monitors during post production. AJA Desktop solutions make this simple with support provided in AJA Control Panel for setup of HDR metadata and HLG.

  • KONA 5 for desktop 12G-SDI I/O with HDR10* and HLG** support over HDMI 2.0 Out

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  • KONA 4 for desktop I/O with HDR10* and HLG** support over HDMI

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  • KONA IP for Broadcast IP with HDR10* and HLG** support over HDMI

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  • Io 4K Plus for Thunderbolt 3 I/O with HDR10* and HLG** support over HDMI

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  • Io IP HD Video with HDR10* and HLG** support and multi-channel Audio over IP I/O with Thunderbolt™ 3 Performance

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  • Io 4K for Thunderbolt 2 I/O with HDR10* and HLG** support over HDMI

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  • Developers can utilize AJA’s latest SDK toolkits to develop solutions for HDR10+ deployment.

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  • Developers who are Dolby Vision licensed can tunnel Dolby Vision through AJA’s KONA 4 and Io 4K products

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* Check with your software manufacturer for compatibility.

**HLG support is application dependent. Check with your software manufacturer for compatibility.

Game Capture, VR and Projection Mapping with HDR

Gaming capture, eSports, VR and projection mapping can take great advantage of HDR for their immersive environments. To capture HDMI sources with HDR for these needs look to KONA HDMI.

KONA HDMI

KONA HDMI is an 8-lane PCIe 2.0 multi-channel HDMI capture card, with all of the quality and flexibility you have come to expect from AJA.

Designed for the demands of multiple workflows such as gaming, streaming, VJ-ing, live events switching, vlogging, VR, post and broadcast, this powerful card boasts support for single channel capture up to 4K/UltraHD 60p or four channel capture up to 2K/HD 60p.

KONA HDMI provides support for accepting HDR signals captured over HDMI from gaming stations like the PS4® Pro.

KONA HDMI

HDR Monitoring

HDR Monitoring from SDI Sources

Hi5-4K-Plus

Hi5-4K-Plus Mini-Converter for HDR and high frame rate support

Standards for HDR over SDI are still evolving and HDMI 2.0 HDR capable displays are affordable and available.

Look to AJA's popular 3G-SDI to HDMI Hi5-4K-Plus Mini-Converter for HDR10 and HLG workflows to feed your display.

Use AJA's free Mini-Config application along with Hi5-4K-Plus to author HDMI HDR Infoframe Metadata as defined in CTA-861-G and HDMI 2.0a.

Plug in, set your static metadata when necessary, and go.

Hi5-4K-Plus

Hi5-12G

12G-SDI to HDMI 2.0 Conversion

Hi5-12G converts a 4K/UltraHD/2K/HD 12G-SDI single-link input with eight channels of embedded digital audio to an HDMI 2.0 output with two or eight channels of audio. It includes a 12G-SDI single-link input with a re-clocked SDI loop out for simpler confidence monitoring or pass on for SDI pipelines.

Fiber SFP-equipped Hi5-12G models include the Hi5-12G-R receiver, which extends HDMI 4K signals over long distances from either an SDI or a Fiber connected source, and the Hi5-12G-TR transceiver, which delivers a 4K/UltraHD SDI or Fiber source signal to an HDMI destination with pass on of the source through SDI or Fiber to a secondary destination.

Hi5-12G Models Available:

Hi5-12G   -   12G-SDI to HDMI 2.0
Hi5-12G-R   -   Includes 1x Fiber LC Receiver
Hi5-12G-TR   -   Includes 1x Fiber LC Transceiver

Hi5-12G

HDR Playback and Recording from AJA

  • You have an Apple ProRes file with material to be displayed as HDR10 or HLG; you need to play it back for viewing on a display at a show, screening room, facility, or to drive large LED displays in stadium settings.
  • Utilize the 4K/UltraHD/2K/HD capable Ki Pro Ultra Plus recorder/player with version 2.0 firmware for simple playback and display of HLG and HDR10 Apple ProRes files on HDMI 2.0 compatible displays.
  • Ki Pro Ultra Plus records data as fed from the source, allowing the capture of HLG materials from an HLG camera or other HLG devices.
Ki Pro Ultra Plus

HDR Analysis

HDR Image Analyzer

Waveform, Histogram and Vectorscope Monitoring for HDR

HDR Image Analyzer delivers a comprehensive array of tools for the effective analysis of the latest HDR standards – including HLG, PQ and Rec.2020 – on 4K/UltraHD/2K/HD content input from 4x 3G-SDI streams in a convenient 1RU device.

Developed in partnership with Colorfront®, AJA HDR Image Analyzer supports a wealth of inputs from camera Log formats to SDR (REC 709), PQ (ST 2084) and HLG and offers color gamut support for BT.2020 alongside traditional BT.709.

Specifically designed to be used wherever needed, the 1RU form factor fits into a range of workflows, providing the confidence you need for consistent and predictable HDR production and mastering.

HDR Analysis Tools

Included in AJA’s HDR Image Analyzer’s toolsets are waveform, histogram and vectorscope monitoring, plus a host of essential image analysis features such as: nit light level meter; out of gamut false color mode making it easy to spot out of gamut or out of brightness pixels; error logging; pixel picker; framestore with split screen; line mode, which can focus the region of interest onto a single horizontal or vertical line; audio phase metering and built-in support for the most prevalent camera color spaces including ARRI®, Canon®, Panasonic®, RED® and Sony®.

  • Waveform
  • Histogram
  • Vectorscope
  • Color Gamut
  • Nit Light Level
  • File Based Error Logging with Timecode
  • Data Analyzer with Advanced Pixel Picker
  • Advanced, Out of Gamut and Out of Brightness Detection with Error Tolerance
HDR Image Analyzer

HA5-12G

HDMI 2.0 to 12G-SDI Conversion

You've been handed an HDR signal over HDMI 2.0 and need to know more about the HDR metadata being utilized. Connect your HDMI 2.0 cable from the source to AJA's HA5-12G HDMI to 12G-SDI Mini-Converters and open AJA's free Mini-Config software to its HDR tab for a read out of any HDR static metadata present.

AJA’s HA5-12G allows users to convert an HDMI 2.0 input to two 12G-SDI single link outputs. It includes two SDI DA outputs and transmits 12G-SDI on each SDI link, reducing cable runs when transporting 4K/UltraHD SDI. HA5-12G supports up to 8-Channels of audio from the HDMI source or 2-Channel analog audio (RCA), with eight or two channels of digital embedded audio on 12G-SDI.

A Fiber SFP-equipped HA5-12G model is available, the HA5-12G-T single-channel transmitter, which extends HDMI 4K signals over long distances (10 km Single-Mode).

HA5-12G Models Available:

HA5-12G   -   HDMI 2.0 to 12G-SDI
HA5-12G-T   -   Includes Single Fiber LC Transmitter

HA5-12G

HA5-4K

You've been handed an HDR signal over HDMI and need to know more about the HDR metadata being utilized. Connect your HDMI 2.0 cable from the source to AJA's HA5-4K HDMI to SDI Mini-Converter and open AJA's free Mini-Config software to its HDR tab for a read out of any HDR static metadata present.

HA5-4K